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Tree

Tech Trees are the main route to progress through the game. They contain all of the Upgrades and Generators in the game. Each Tech Tree contains different subdivisions of history and organisms, such as the Primordial Soup, or the Iron Age. There are currently three main Tech Trees (Life & Civilization, Mesozoic Valley and Beyond) with specific Sub-Trees, and 10 Exploration event Tech Trees. Each tree has timeline branches that sprout out holding Upgrades and other Generators.

Unlocking Tech Trees[]

The Tech Tree becomes available after the player obtains their first EntropyEntropy 10 Entropy points by clicking/tapping. Afterwards, there will be an arrow pointing to the Tech Tree that is now available.

Tech Tree of Life[]

Life
Overview (Map) - needs to be updated...
The main tech tree of the game, prior to the addition of the Mammal, Reptile, and Bird branches.
Generator Cost Description Requirements Associated Upgrades
Primordial Soup Sub-tree
Primordial Soup Icon
Amino Acid

Amino Acid
EntropyEntropy 20

"Atoms and molecules bond together to create amino acids, organic compounds that combine to build proteins. They are some of the most essential building blocks for life."

Unlocked after Primordial Soup Protein, Volcano (after 2 Amino Acids), Ozone Layer (after purchasing Volcano), Polypeptides (after 50 Amino Acids), Enzymes (after 100 Amino Acids)
DNA

DNA
EntropyEntropy 100

"A molecule with the unique property of self-replication, DNA's infinite configurations form the foundation of all evolutionary changes. It contains the genetic instructions for all life on Earth."

Unlocked after Nucleotides Prokaryotic Cell, Chromosomes (after 50 DNA), DNA Replication (after 100 DNA)
Prokaryotic Cell

File:Pro-cell.png
EntropyEntropy 600

"The first living organism. These tiny uni-cellular organisms lacked a membrane-wrapped nucleus, but paved the way for the rest of life to begin."

Unlocked after DNA & Protein Virus, Nucleus, Mitochondria, Mitosis, Asexual Reproduction, Flagellum (after 50 Prokaryotic Cells), Ribosomes (after 100 Prokaryotic Cells)
Eukaryotic Cell

File:Eu-cell.png
EntropyEntropy 3,000

"The prokaryotic cell's more complex cousin, eukaryotic cells have a nucleus to store genetic information. Fungi, plants, animals, protozoa are all built of eukaryotic cells."

Unlocked after Nucleus & Mitochondria Tissue, Cytoplasm, Filter Feeding, Sexual Reproduction, Chloroplasts (after 50 Eukaryotic Cells), Phagocytic Cell (after 100 Eukaryotic Cells)
Marine Sub-tree
Marine Icon
Sponge

File:Sponge.png
EntropyEntropy 10,000

"The world's first multi-cellular organism, sponges are stationary filter feeders: They are a product of multiple eukaryotic cells coming together."

Unlocked after Tissue & Filter Feeding Coral, Muscles, Oscula (after 50 Sponges), Hermaphroditism (after 100 Sponges)
Jellyfish

File:Jellfish.png
EntropyEntropy 40,000

"Jellyfish are softbodied, free-swimming aquatic animals with a gelatinous, umbrella-shaped body and long floating tentacles. They can propel themselves through water by pulsing their body."

Unlocked after Sponge Radial Symmetry, Cnidocytes, Nervous System, Swimming, Polyp (after 50 Jellyfishes), Bioluminescence (after 100 Jellyfishes), Squishy Bodies (Giant Squid upgrades)
Flatworm

File:Fworm.png
EntropyEntropy 200,000

"The flatworm is the first organism with bilateral symmetry, which enables the beginnings of the brain and internal organs. Thes simple creatures set the stage for vertebrates to come."

Unlocked after Jellyfish Bilateral Symmetry, Vertebrate, Heart, Nerve Cord, Pigment Spot, Predation (after 50 Flatworms), Three Layer Skin (after 100 Flatworms)
Fish

File:Fish.png
EntropyEntropy 1.95 M

"With fins to maneuver the ancient seas, fish evolved from less agile invertebrates and rapidly diversified to take control of the oceans."

Unlocked after Bilateral Symmetry & Vertebrate Eye, Lungfish, Excretion Opening (after 50 Fishes), Gills (after 100 Fishes)
Terrestrial Sub-tree
Gardens Land Icon
Fungi

Fungi
EntropyEntropy 9.00 Qa

"Fungi are small eukaryotic organisms that often live in soil or on decaying matter. There are nearly 145,000 known species of fungi, and scientists suspect there may be up to 5 million total."

Unlocked after bought Fungi Artefact (see Logit Console) & Chitin Mold, Mushroom, Yeast
Tetrapod

Tetrapod
EntropyEntropy 15.90 M

"The original colonizers, tetrapods were the first water dwellers to develop legs and amphibious breathing and to crawl onto dry land."

Unlocked after Lungfish and Cold-Blooded Ear, Legs, Egg Shell, Quadrupedalism, Scaled Epidermis, Warm-Blooded, Water-Tight Epidermis, Ecdysis, Reptile, Insectivore, Beaks (after Mesozoic Valley Rank 3), Shells (after Mesozoic Valley Rank 3), Archosauria, Protruding Nostrils (after Mesozoic Valley Rank 7), Sensitive Hearing, Squamates (after Mesozoic Valley Rank 11), Tough Skin, Prehensile Tongues, Limbless (after Mesozoic Valley Rank 15), Mobile Jaws (after Mesozoic Valley Rank 15), Miniaturization (after Mesozoic Valley Rank 23), Beaks, Bird, Migration, Feathers, Molting, Running, Game Birds, Long Necks (after Mesozoic Valley Rank 28), Aquatic Adaptation, Male Incubation (after Mesozoic Valley Rank 33), Flightless, Raptor Ancestry (after Mesozoic Valley Rank 38), Rapid Diversification (after Mesozoic Valley Rank 38)
Mammal

Mammal
EntropyEntropy 358.00 M

"The first vertebrates with warm blood, mammals nurse their young with milk from mammary glands, have skin covered in fur or hair, and have larger brains that possess a neocortex."

Unlocked after Warm-Blooded and Egg Shell Uterus, Mammalian Teeth, Secondary Palate, Three Bone Ear, Hair, Eutherians, Mammal Brain, Olfactory Lobes, Placenta, Long Pregnancy, Estrus, Primate, Sweat Glands, Milk Glands, Hibernation, Powerful Hind Legs, Tooth Growth, Hooves, Rumination, Short Pregnancy, Four Molars, Non-Retractile Claws, Longer Jaws, Cloaca, Sprawling Limbs, Digitigrade, Carnassials
Ape

Ape
EntropyEntropy 11.20 B

"An advancement in primate evolution, the apes of the Hominidae family are ancestors of the modern human's earliest ancestors. Divergent branches of evolution created both humans and the modern great apes."

Unlocked after Primate and Mammal Brain Domed Cranium, Brain of Ape, Australopithecus, Bipedal Walking, Five Fingered Hands (after 15 Apes), First Idea, Homo Habilis, Extra Power, Homo Erectus, Complex Emotions, Neanderthal (after purchasing Complex Emotions), Opposable Thumb, Endurance Hunting, Wrist Joints
Human

Human
EntropyEntropy 8.87 T

"Earth's dominant species. An amalgamation of millions of years of evolution. Capable of producing culture, society, and technology."

Unlocked after Homo Erectus Human Brain, Neolithic Age, Menstruation (after 15 Humans), Problem Solving (after 50 Humans), Morality (after 100 Humans)
Future Evolution Sub-tree
Cyborg

Cyborg
EntropyEntropy 4.42 Qa

"Cybernetic organisms, or cyborgs for short, are biological beings with mechanical parts-ranging from medical implants and accessories to fully integrated machines and computer systems."

Unlocked after Human and Emergent Age Artificial Organs, Prosthetics, Neural Interface
Superhuman

Superhuman
EntropyEntropy 13.21 qi

"Advances in medicine, gene editing, biotech, and numerous other fields have led to the creation of a whole new class of superhumans with significantly advanced lifespans and abilities."

Unlocked after Cyborg and Bioengineering Enhanced Lifespan, Enhanced Physique, Enhance Intelligence
Humanoid Colonist

Humanoid Colonist
EntropyEntropy 1.32 Sx

"After many generations adapting to local conditions on far-flung exoplanets, the descendants of colonists from Earth bear only a distant resemblance to their human forebears."

Unlocked after Superhuman Environmental Adaptation, Autonomous Drones, Genetic Modification, Speciation
Egg icon
Reptiles Sub Tree
Gardens Land Icon
Turtle

Turtle
EntropyEntropy 2.70 B

"Originally emerging during the middle Jurassic period, turtles are one of the oldest of groups of living reptiles. They are known for their distinctive shells."

Unlocked after Beaks, Shells, and Mesozoic Valley Rank 3 Swimming, Sea Turtle, Slow Speed, Hiding, Box Turtle, Strong Jaws, Snapping Turtle, Long Lifespan, Galapagos Tortoise
Crocodilia

Crocodilia
EntropyEntropy 8.05 T

"First appearing in the late Cretaceous period, crocodilians are large, predatory, semi-aquatic reptiles. Along with birds, they are the last descendants of the Archosaurs."

Unlocked after Sensitive Hearing and Mesozoic Valley Rank 7 Patient Predator, Saltwater Habitat, Crocodile, Freshwater Habitat, Alligator, Long Snout, Gharial
Lizard

Lizard
EntropyEntropy 83.20 Qa

"A mainly carnivorous group of reptiles, the lizards include over 6,000 distinct species and are located on every continent except Antarctica."

Unlocked after Prehensile Tongues and Mesozoic Valley Rank 11 Sticky Fingers, Geckos, Color Changing, Chameleon, Tail Regeneration, Skinks, Sudden Speed, Iguana, Deadly Bite, Komodo Dragon
Snake

Snake
EntropyEntropy 6.66 qi

"Long, skinny, and limbless, snakes are a family of carnivorous reptiles. They range in size from only a few centimetres to almost 7 metres in length."

Unlocked after Limbless, Mobile Jaws, and Mesozoic Valley Rank 15 Habitat Diversity, Slithering, Colubridae (after purchasing Habitat Diversity and Slithering), Constriction, Python (after purchasing Constriction), Hollow Fangs, Viper (after purchasing Hollow Fangs)
Egg icon
Birds Sub-tree
Gardens Land Icon
Galliformes

Galliformes
EntropyEntropy 44.50 qi

"A group of toothless, ground-dwelling birds. Along with Anseriformes, Galliformes are one of only two types of modern birds to date back to (and have survived) the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event."

Unlocked after Game Birds, Running, and Mesozoic Valley Rank 23 Wattle, Digging, Turkey (after purchasing Wattle), Chicken (after purchasing Wattle and Digging), Quail (after purchasing Digging), Plumage, Peacock (after purchasing Plumage)
Anseriformes

Anseriformes
EntropyEntropy 920.00 qi

"A group of birds uniquely adapted for an aquatic environment. Along with Galliformes, Anseriformes are one of only two types of birds to date back to (and have survived) the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event."

Unlocked after Aquatic Adaptation and Mesozoic Valley Rank 28 Dabbling, Ducks (after Dabbling), Geese (after Dabbling), Monogamy, Swan (after Monogamy)
Palaeognathae

Palaeognathae
EntropyEntropy 25.40 Sx

"A group of mostly-flightless birds. They are notable for their pseudo-reptilian palate, proportionately small brains, and for the tendency for male birds to incubate their species' eggs."

Unlocked after Flightless and Mesozoic Valley Rank 33 Scent Acuity, Kiwi (after Scent Acuity), Kick, Ostrich (after Kick), Thirst Management, Emu (after Thirst Management)
Neoaves

Neoaves
EntropyEntropy 667.00 Sx

"Almost 95% of all known species of birds belong to the Neoave clade. They are extremely diverse, and appeared shortly after the extinction of the dinosaurs."

Unlocked after Raptor Ancestry, Rapid Diversification, and Mesozoic Valley Rank 38 Aggression, Blue Jays (after Aggression), Intelligence, Speech, Parrots (after Speech), Carrion, Crows, Hovering, Hummingbird, Vulture, Head Rotation, Owls, Flippers, Penguin, Flocking, Cranes, Homing, Pigeons, Eagle Eyes, Eagles
Mammal icon
Mammals Sub-Tree
Gardens Land Icon
Glires

Glires
EntropyEntropy 91.00 B

Icon metabit 1

"A clade comprising of both lagomorphs (rabbits and hares) and rodents, glires are small mammals with distinctive teeth that grow continuosly throughout their lifetime. Most are herbivores or insectivores, are small and furry, and have tails."

Unlocked after Tooth Growth Rabbits, Range of Vision, Rats, Zoonosis, Flat Tail, Beaver, Rotating Ankles, Squirrel
Ungulates

Ungulates
EntropyEntropy 44.20 T

Icon metabit 10

"Ungulates can be split in two groups: Terrestrial ungulates, witch share the trait of hooves, and cetaceans, which have flippers and live in water. Most terrestrial ungulates are herbivores."

Unlocked after Rumination Tusks, Deer, Hippopotamus, Food Source, Nose Horn, Rhinoceros, Gazelle, Stripes, Zebra, Elongated Neck, Horns, Humps, Camel, Giraffe, Megafauna, Buffalo, Leg Regression (after unlocking Cetaceans), Diving (after Leg Regression), Wooly Coats, Mountain Goat, Trunk, Elephant, Ibex
Marsupials

Marsupials
EntropyEntropy 9.50 Qa

Icon metabit 250

"Marsupials are mammals that give birth to live young at an early stage of development. The young stay for a time in a pouch on the mother's abdomen, where they remain until they have grown enough to be independent. Kangaroos are marsupials."

Unlocked after Four Molars Abdominal Pouch, Diprotodonts, Kangaroo, Koala, North American Opossum
Caniform

Caniform
EntropyEntropy 7.89 Sx

Icon metabit 300,000

"Dog-like' carnivores, the caniform family includes dogs, bears, seals, and more. They are opportunistic feeders and are more frequently omnivores than feliforms, which are usually pure carnivores."

Unlocked after Longer Jaws Wolf, Bone-Crushing Teeth, Seasonal Heterothermy, Grizzly Bear, Bushy Tail, Fox, Black Epidermis, Polar Bear, Loose Skin, Honey Badger, Sesamoid Thumb, Panda, Lung Capacity, Pinniped, Earless, Seal, Blubber, Walrus, Play, Otter
Cetaceans

Cetaceans

Marine Icon
EntropyEntropy 7.20 Sp

Icon metabit 2.50 M

"Cetaceans are aquatic mammals that are descended from the same ancestors as ungulates. While some ungulates moved further inland, the cetaceans inhabited the shoreline and later moved into a fully aquatic niche."

Unlocked after Diving Underwater Communication, Baleen, Whale, Tooth Tusk, Narwhal, Dolphin Intelligence, Dolphin, Matrilineal, Orca
Monotremes

Monotremes
EntropyEntropy 400.00 Sp

Icon metabit 42.00 M

"Monotremes are a rare group of mammals that give birth to eggs but nurse their young with milk. The only types of monotremes that currently exist are the platypus and various species of echidna."

Unlocked after Sprawling Position Venomous Spurs, Toothless, Platypus, Echidna
Feliform

Feliform
EntropyEntropy 476.00 Oc

Icon metabit 5.50 B

"The feliformia are the 'cat-like' group of carnivores. They have shorter snouts than the caniforms and fewer teeth. They are generally ambush hunters, with retractible claws, and live on almost all continents."

Unlocked after Carnassials Puuur-fect Companion, Snow Paws, Snow Leopard, Screaming, Puma, Pelt Pattern, Tiger, Mane, Lion

Tech Tree of Civilization[]

Civilisation
Overview (Map) - needs to be updated...
1 NbyGjBW4TLF6Bks0pseGPQ
Generator Cost Description Requirements Associated Upgrades
Ancient Civilizations Sub-tree
Fire Icon
Stone Age

Stone Age
IdeasIdeas 46

"The first modern humans walk the Earth, and change the world around them - creating tools, raising animals, building communities. Soon we will learn that nothing will stop human progress."

Unlocked after Stone Tools Hunting, Fire, Cooking, Hafting, Burial, Boat, Sail, Kiln, Clothing, Big Game, Horse Domestication, Sculpture, Fishing, Chariot, Spear, Dye, Axe, Religion, Leather, Music, Tribalism, Dog Domestication, Stonehenge, Lascaux Cave, Göbekli Tepe
Neolithic

Neolithic
IdeasIdeas 460

"In the time before the invention of metalurgy, humans move from hunting and gathering to farming, and the first villages began to form."

Unlocked after Hafting, Burial, Speech and Human Weaving, Farming, Settlement, Pottery, Smelting, Irrigation, Lever, Wheel, Mining, Livestock, City, Metallurgy, Writing, Arithmetic, Fertilizer, Plumbing, Alcohol, Cotton, Mudbrick, Silk, Fired Brick, Selective Breeding, Engineering, Gears, Cat Domestication, Çatalhöyük, Sphinx, Pyramids
Bronze Age

Bronze Age
IdeasIdeas 1,380

"Following the Neolithic Age, the Bronze Age is marked by the invention of (what else?) smelted bronze, a blend of copper and tin. During this period, some civilizations develop writing systems, centralized governments, organized warfare, medicine, and religion."

Unlocked after Metallurgy and Writing Nail, Papyrus, Paper, Glass, Bronze, Iron, Zero, Philosophy, Medicine, Geometry, Pulley, Screw, Cartography, Timekeeping, Ziggurat of Ur, Anatomy, Surgery, Code of Law, Mummification, Trojan Horse, Hanging Gardens
Iron Age

Iron Age
IdeasIdeas 10,400

"The ability to create tools and weapons made of iron—an abundant ore that's easily smelted—makes bronze obsolete. Elaborate craftmanship, proto-urban societies, and nominally fortified cities begin to emerge."

Unlocked after Zero, Iron, and Alphabet Military, Iron Tools, Government, Gunpowder, Algebra, Government Mints, Firearms, Magnifying Lens, Library, Astronomy, Concrete, Aqueduct, Crank, Crossbow, Catapult, Parthenon, Sanitation, Astronomical Calendar, Iron Sword, Great Library, Nazca Lines, Great Wall, Colossus of Rhodes
Pre-Industrial Civilizations Sub-tree
Fire Icon
Middle Ages

Middle Ages
IdeasIdeas 34,500

"The Middle Ages are a vast period of history that lasted from the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century to the fall of Constantinople in the 15th century. It was characterized in Europe by mass migration, population decline, and political instability."

Unlocked after Military and Government TBA
Age of Discovery

Age of Discovery
IdeasIdeas 207,000

"Mankind tests the boundaries of their known world, exploring over land and sea. This ushers in an era of global trade, colonialism, shared culture, and communicable disease."

Unlocked after Organised Religion and Paper TBA
Scientific Revolution

Scientific Revolution
IdeasIdeas 863,000

"As the European Renaissance came to a close, new ideas about math, biology, chemistry, physics, and astronomy changed the way we thought about the world. With the emergence of modern science, human's intellectual progress as a species gets a sudden boost of speed."

Unlocked after Banking and Astrolabe TBA
Technological Civilizations Sub-tree
Atomic Icon
Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution
IdeasIdeas 5.75 M

"The scientific processes we began to understand during the Scientific Revolution give way to unbelievable progress- now, machines work for us in massive factories, while steam power propels us across the globe."

Unlocked after Steam Engine and 3 Laws of Motion TBA
Atomic Age
Atomic Age
Atomic Age
IdeasIdeas 426.00 M

"Humans have split the atom, and unleashed a new kind of power on the world. Not the last age. If we're careful."

Unlocked after Factory and Telephone TBA
Information Age

Information Age
IdeasIdeas 13.80 B

"The age you're in right now! Also known as the Computer Age or the Digital Age."

Unlocked after Atomic Bomb and Computer TBA
Emergent Age

Emergent Age
IdeasIdeas 258.00 B

"A new era in the history of mankind, the Emergent Age is a time where new advances in technology lead us to question what it means to be human, and the boundaries between people and technology."

Unlocked after Internet leads into Colonization of Mars, TBA
Singularity

Singularity
IdeasIdeas 14.70 T

"Technological growth has become uncontrollable and irreversible, resulting in unforeseeable changes to human civilization."

Unlocked after Mind Upload, AI and Self-Assembly TBA
Android

Android

Life
IdeasIdeas 101.11 Qa

"Inhabiting the deepest reaches of the Uncanny Valley, humanoid robots are designed to mimic a human appearance."

Unlocked after Humanoid Robot, AI and Singularity None
Sentient Android

Sentient Android

Life
IdeasIdeas 1.32 qi

"One day we may have fully conscious, self-aware artificial intelligences housed inside simulated human bodies—perhaps indistinguishable from their organic counterparts."

Unlocked after Android Stylized Appearance, Human Appearance, Self-Modification, Embodied Consciousness and Personality Programming
Colonization of Mars Sub-tree
Rocket Icon
Rover

Rover
IdeasIdeas 12.30 T

"''"Human-made machines are the first explorers on the surface of Mars."

Unlocked after Space Station and Drones Olympus Mons, Atmospheric Research, Solar Power, Cargo Missions, Interplanetary Spaceflight, Magnetic Research, Ice Deposits
Human Expedition

Human Expedition
IdeasIdeas 979.74 Qa

"For the first time, humans travel to another planet. We are now officially an interplanetary species."

Unlocked after Cargo Missions, Solar Power and Interplanetary Spaceflight TBA
Martian Settlement

Martian Settlement
IdeasIdeas 10.57 Sx

"We are no longer just explorers-now we are colonists."

Unlocked after Resource Extraction Equipment, Cyanobacteria, Biodome and Genetic Engineering TBA
Martian Factory

Martian Factory
IdeasIdeas 4.76 Sp

"The human settlements on Mars begin to become self-sufficient. Now that we can reap the benefits of Mars' natural resources, we start to create the new Martian economy."

Unlocked after Ore Refinement, Fertiliser Production and Worker Living Quarters TBA
Martian City

Martian City
IdeasIdeas 4.40 Oc

"The colonists of Mars work, and play, and live in the world that they have created. This once-hostile planet is now home."

Unlocked after Commercial Spaceflight and Renewable Energy TBA

Tech Tree of Mesozoic Valley[]

MesoValley Icon
Overview (Map)
Mesozoic Valley Tree
Generator Cost Description Rank Unlocked Traits
Archosaur

Archosaur
FossilFossil 3.74

"This clade includes the ancestors of dinosaurs, birds, and crocodiles. A clade represents a single branch on the tree of life."

1 Opisthopubic Pelvis (Speed), Propubic Pelvis (Payout)
Ornithischia

Ornithischia (Parasaurolophus)
FossilFossil 60

"Ornithischia are one of two different orders of dinosaurs. These herbivores with beak-like structures are often called "bird-hipped" dinosaurs, as their pelvic structure resembles that of modern day birds. Parasaurolophus is one of the Ornithiscian dinosaurs."

1 Predentary Bone (Speed), Duckbills (Payout)
Stegosaurus

Stegosaurus
FossilFossil 720

"Stegosaurus was a quadrupedal planteating dinosaur known for the distinctive rows of large upright plates on their back."

1 Armour (Speed), Flat Teeth (Payout)
Ankylosaurus

Ankylosaurus
FossilFossil 8,640

"Ankylosaurus was a bulky, armored herbivore from the late Cretaceous period with a large clubbed tail that could shatter predator's bones."

2 Tail Club (Speed), Ossification (Payout)
Triceratops

Triceratops
FossilFossil 103,680

"An herbivore from the late Cretaceous period, the Triceratops had three defensive horns on its face and a large bony frill behind its head."

3 Nose Brow Horns (Speed), Frill (Payout)
Pterosaur

Pterosaur
FossilFossil 1.24 M

"Pterosaurs were the earliest vertebrates to evolve flight. They had leathery wings and came in a wide variety of sizes."

4 Wings (Speed), Extended Finger (Payout)
Plesiosaur

Plesiosaur
FossilFossil 14.93 M

"Plesiosaurs were large aquatic animals with a broad, flat body, a long neck and tail, and four strong flippers. They were one of the first fossilized reptiles identified by humans, and were discovered in the early 1800s."

6 Aquatic Diapsid (Speed), Flippers (Payout)
Saurischia

Saurischia (Ceratosaurus)
FossilFossil 179.16 M

"Saurischia are one of two different orders of dinosaur. They are mostly carnivorous, though the class includes some herbivores. The are often called "lizard-hipped" dinosaurs. The Ceratosaurus is one of the Saurischian dinosaurs."

8 Mobile Neck (Speed), Upright Posture (Payout)
Sauropoda

Sauropoda (Apatosaurus)
FossilFossil 2.15 B

"Enormous herbivores with long necks and tails and small heads, Sauropods evolved their distinctive necks as a way to obtain hard-to-reach food sources, such as the foliage at the tops of trees. The Apatosaurus is one of the Sauropodan dinosaurs."

10 Rapid Tooth Replacement (Speed), Gastroliths (Payout)
Theropoda

Theropoda (Dilophosaurus)
FossilFossil 25.80 B

"The Theropoda family were bipedal carnivores with hollow bones and three-toed limbs. The Dilosophosaurus was one of the Theropod dinosaurs."

12 Grasping Hands (Speed), Sharp Teeth (Payout)
Compsognathus

Compsognathus
FossilFossil 309.58 B

"A small, bipedal carnivore, Compsognathus could grow to around the size of a turkey and preyed on small, fast lizards."

14 Small Bodies (Speed), Sharp Eyesight (Payout)
Velociraptor

Velociraptor
FossilFossil 3.72 T

"A small, feathered carnivore with extremely sharp claws and teeth, Velociraptors were skilled hunters that stalked and disemboweled their prey."

16 Sickle-Shaped Claws (Speed), Pack Hunting (Payout)
Pachycephalosaurus

Pachycephalosaurus
FossilFossil 44.58 T

"This herbivorous dinosaur had a thick domed skull, which was used to headbutt predators and maybe even other Pachycephalosaurus."

18 Hard Head (Speed), Olfactory Lobes (Payout)
Gallimimus

Gallimimus
FossilFossil 534.97 T

"Gallimimus was a large, bird-like herbivore that traveled in herds and built nests."

20 Nest Building (Speed), Three-Toed Feet (Payout)
Archaeopteryx

Archaeopteryx
FossilFossil 6.42 Qa

"A transitional species in the evolution from feathered dinosaurs to birds, archaeopteryx was small, with sharp teeth and claws and broad wings used for flying."

22 Bird Brain (Speed), Flight Feathers (Payout)
Brachiosaurus

Brachiosaurus
FossilFossil 77.04 Qa

"One of the largest dinosaurs known to man, the Brachiosaur was a large herbivore that lived in the late Jurassic period."

24 Long Tails (Speed), Pencil-Like Teeth (Payout)
Tyrannosaurus Rex

Tyrannosaurus Rex
FossilFossil 924.42 Qa

"A bipedal carnivore with a huge head, a long heavy tail, and short forearms, the Tyrannosaurus Rex is among the best known and most popuar dinosaurs."

26 Alpha Predator (Speed), Brawny Neck (Payout)
Spinosaurus

Spinosaurus
FossilFossil 11.09 qi

"Similar to a modern crocodilian, Spinosaurus bodies were low to the ground, and they may have been semi-aquatic. Their destinctive spines were connected to each other by skin and formed a sail-like structure."

28 Spines (Speed), Semi-Aquatic (Payout)
Iguanodon

Iguanodon
FossilFossil 133.12 qi

"Iguanodon was a large, bulky herbivore that walked upright and had long prehensile fingers for foraging food, as well as distinctive thumb spikes for warding off predators."

30 Thumb Spikes (Speed), Changing Posture (Payout)
Ichthyosaur

Ichthyosaur
FossilFossil 1.60 Sx

"Ichthyosaurs were marine reptile, or early proto-mammal. Living during the Triassic period, this carnivore was around the size of a fox, laid eggs, lived in burrows, and may have had fur. They represent a stage in evolution before mammals became the dominant lifeforms on Earth."

33 Live Birth (Speed), Large Eyes (Payout)
Cynodont

Cynodont (Thrinaxodon)
FossilFossil 19.17 Sx

"Thrinaxodon was a cynodont, or early proto-mammal. Living during the Triassic period, this carnivore was around the size of a fox, laid eggs, lived in burrows, and may have had fur. They represent a stage in evolution before mammals became the dominant lifeforms on Earth."

36 Burrowing (Speed), Whiskers (Payout)
Eoraptor

Eoraptor
FossilFossil 230.02 Sx

"Eoraptor is one of the earliest known dinosaurs. It lived approximately 231 to 228 million years ago, during the late Triassic period. This small, quick omnivore lived alongside archosaurs, proto-mammals, and other early dinosaurs."

39 Heterodont Dentition (Speed), True Fossil (Payout)
Mosasaurus

Mosasaurus
FossilFossil 2.76 Sp

"Mosasaurus was a massive aquatic carnivore. Growing up to 17 meters long, Mosasaurus lived near the ocean's surface and preyed on fish, birds, pterosaurs, plesiosaurs, and any other smaller animal that was unlucky enough to cross its path."

42 Double-Hinged Jaw (Speed), Scales (Payout)
Argentinosaurus

Argentinosaurus
FossilFossil 33.12 Sp

"Although known only from fragmentary remains, Argentinosaurus is widely acknowledged to be one of the largest land animals of all time, measuring up to 39.7 meters long. The farmer who found the first specimen initially thought that the vertebrae were petrified trees."

45 Accelerated Growth (Speed), Giant Vertebrae (Payout)
Giganotosaurus

Giganotosaurus
FossilFossil 397.5 Sp

"One of the largest known terrestrial carnivores, Giganotosaurus has been estimated to have been 12-13 meters long. There is debate over whether Giganotosaurus may have been larger than Tyrannosaurus Rex, but it is known that it was an apex predator in the regions where it resided."

48 Gigantothermy (Speed), Jaw Articulation (Payout)

Tech Tree of Beyond[]

Beyond Icon
Overview (Map) - TBA...
TBA
Generator Cost Description Rank Unlocked Traits
Phase 1: Solar System (Inner Part)
Inner Solar Icon
Sun

Sun
StardustStardust 10

"Earth's home star is the center of our solar system, the point around which all celestial objects orbit. It shines its light on each of the eight planets, and its warmth is essential for all life on Earth."

1 Solar Flares (Speed), Nuclear Fusion (Payout)
Mercury

Mercury
StardustStardust 60

"Mercury is the smallest planet in the solar system, as well as the closest to the Sun. With its rocky grey surface, thin atmosphere, and small size, Mercury could easily be mistaken for a moon."

1 Large Iron Core (Speed), Temperature Fluctuations (Payout)
Venus

Venus
StardustStardust 600

"Venus's scorching, dense, unbreathable atmosphere makes it the hottest planet in the solar system. One of the brightest objekts in Earth's night sky, it can be seen with the naked eye."

1 Clockwise Rotation (Speed), Sulfuric Clouds (Payout)
Earth

Earth
StardustStardust 6,000

"Earth is the only planet in our solar system known to be hospitable to life, making it truly unique. The deep seas and green landmasses teem with living creatures."

1 Ocean Blue (Speed), Oxygenated Atmosphere (Payout)
Moon

Moon
StardustStardust 2.40 M

"Our moon orbits the Earth and formed from debris after the young planet collided with another celestial object. It lights up our night sky and controls the ocean's tides."

2 Sea of Tranquility (Speed), Dark Side (Payout)
Mars

Mars
StardustStardust 80,000

"The fourth planet from the Sun and Earth's nearast neighbor, Mars is often called the Red Planet because of its ruddy color. It stands out brightly in the night sky, inspiring humans to wonder if it might be home to alien life."

1 Rusty Red (Speed), Seismic Activity (Payout)
Asteroid Belt

Asteroid Belt
StardustStardust 144.00 M

"The Asteroid Belt is a field of small, rocky bodies floating in the space between Mars and Jupiter. Jupiter's immense gravity prevents these asteroids from coming together to form a planet, keeping them in a scattered orbit."

3 Carbon Type (Speed), Silicate Type (Payout)
Ceres

Ceres
StardustStardust 2.16 B

"Discovered in 1801, Ceres was the first asteroid to be identified by humans. Today, it is the smallest recognized dwarf planet and the largest object in the Asteroid Belt."

3 Spheroid (Speed), Cryovolcanoes (Payout)
Vesta

Vesta
StardustStardust 86.40 B

"Vesta is the second largest object in the Asteroid Belt. It has an irregular shape, and a rocky surface covered in craters."

3 Rocky Protoplanet (Speed), Fragmentation (Payout)
Jupiter

Jupiter
StardustStardust 259.00 B

"Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system. It is made of hydrogen and helium gas and has no solid surface. Constant storms in Jupiter's atmosphere create stripes and bands of swirling colors."

4 Great Red Spot (Speed), Gravitational Powerhouse (Payout)
Io

Io
StardustStardust 2.07 T

"Io is a rocky, icy moon with intense geological activity. It has active volcanoes that belch plumes of sulfor, mountains taller than any found on Earth, and lava flows that turn the moon's surface yellow."

5 Sulfuric Plains (Speed), Volcanic Mountains (Payout)
Europa

Europa
StardustStardust 20.70 T

"Europa has the smoothest surface of any solid object in the solar system, evidence of a possible liquid ocean under its surface. Combined with its thin oxygen atmosphere, this suggests that there may be microscopic life on Europa."

5 Subsurface Ocean (Speed), Lineae (Payout)
Ganymede

Ganymede
StardustStardust 249.00 T

"Ganymede is not only the largest Galilean moon, but also the largest moon in the entire solar system bigger even than the planet Mercury. It ha a thin oxygen atmosphere and its own magnetic field."

5 Magnetic Field (Speed), Polar Caps (Payout)
Callisto

Callisto
StardustStardust 3.73 Qa

"Callisto, the fourth Galilean moon, has a heavily cratered surface. It is the only one of the Galilean moons not exposed to high levels of radiation, making it a possible candidate for future human settlement."

5 Heavy Cratering (Speed), Low Radiation (Payout)
Saturn

Saturn
StardustStardust 29.90 Qa

"Saturn is often called the Jewel of the Solar System because of its unique and beautiful appearance. Composed mostly of gas, Saturn is known for the visually striking rings that encircle the planet."

6 Ammonia Crystals (Speed), Ring Formation (Payout)
Titan

Titan
StardustStardust 358.00 Qa

"Saturn's largest moon, Titan, is also the only moon in the solar system with a dense atmosphere and stable bodies of liquid on its surface. The subterranean ocean beneath its frozen surface may contain microbial life."

6 Dense Lunar Atmosphere (Speed), Surface Liquid (Payout)
Enceladus

Enceladus
StardustStardust 5.37 Qi

"Enceladus has an icy, highly reflective surface. It is covered in geysers, hinting at hydrothermal activity or even an ocean that could harbor nutrients an organic molecules."

6 High Albedo (Speed), E Ring (Payout)
Uranus

Uranus
StardustStardust 1.61 Sx

"Cloudy blue Uranus is the seventh planet from the Sun. Isolated, cold, and windy, Uranus has a small ring system and many moons. With a mostly liquid surface, it's one of the least dense planets in the solar system."

7 Cold Atmosphere (Speed), Sideways Revolution (Payout)
Neptune

Neptune
StardustStardust 645.00 Sx

"Neptune is a cold, dark blue planet nearly 30 times as far from the Sun as Earth. Taking 164.8 years to orbit the Sun, Neptune is the only planet in the solar system not visible from Earth without a telescope. It is the farthest planet from the Sun."

8 High Winds (Speed), Methane Blue (Payout)
Triton

Triton
StardustStardust 27.00 Sp

"Triton is the largest moon of Neptune and one of the solar system's few geologically active moons. It may once have been a dwarf planet in the Kuiper Belt before being captured by Neptune's orbit."

8 Retrograde Moon (Speed), Circular Revolution (Payout)
Phase 1: Solar System (Outer Part)
Outer Solar Icon
Pluto

Pluto
StardustStardust 3.30 Sp

"Once classified as the ninth planet in our solar system, Pluto is a rocky dwarf planet that orbits beyond Neptune. Some scientists theorize that Pluto may have a subsurface ocean."

9 Former Planet (Speed), Chaotic Orbit (Payout)
Shoemaker Levy 9

Shoemaker Levy 9
StardustStardust 27.20 Oc

"Discovered circling Jupiter in 1993, Shoemaker Levy 9 was the first comet to be observed orbiting a planet. When it collided with Jupiter in 1994, it became the first comet ever to be observed crashing into a planet's surface."

10 Jupiter Collision (Speed), Scarred Red Spot (Payout)
Halley's Comet

Halley's Comet
StardustStardust 8.26 No

"The only comet regularly visible to the naked eye, Halley's Comet travels past Earth once every 75 years. Its appearances have been recorded since 240 BC. It last passed by Earth in 1986, and is scheduled to be seen again in 2061."

10 Retrograde Orbit (Speed), Short Orbit (Payout)
Hale-Bopp

Hale-Bopp
StardustStardust 113.00 No

"Comet Hale-Bopp was visible with the naked eye for a record-breaking 18 months in 1996 1997. It was one of the brightest comets ever seen by humans, and the most widely observed comet in the 20th century."

10 Bright Perihelion (Speed), Third Tail (Payout)
Kuiper Belt

Kuiper Belt
StardustStardust 50.60 Dc

"Out beyond Neptune, the Kuiper Belt is a disk made of gas, dust, asteroids, and other small objects, called planetesimals, floating in space like the Asteroid Belt, but nearly 20 times larger. It is home to most dwarf planets in the solar system."

11 Neptunian Disruption (Speed), Kuiper Cliff (Payout)
Haumea

Haumea
StardustStardust 3.48 Udc

"The dwarf planet Haumea was discovered in 2004 and named for the Hawaiian goddess of childbirth. It has an unusual oblong shape and is the only trans-Neptunian object with a ring system."

11 Irregular Shape (Speed), Giant Collision (Payout)
Makemake

Makemake
StardustStardust 772.00 Udc

"Makemake is a cold dwarf planet found in the Kuiper Belt. It is the second brightest trans-Neptunian object after Pluto. It has a red surface and one orbiting moon."

11 Hidden Planet (Speed), Red Tholins (Payout)
Eris

Eris
StardustStardust 24.30 Ddc

"One of the largest dwarf planets in our solar system and the farthest from the Sun, Eris is named for the Greek goddess of discord and strife. A day on Eris is about the same length as a day on Earth."

11 Massive Dwarf (Speed), Orbital Inclination (Payout)
Heliosphere

Heliosphere
StardustStardust 29.40 Tdc

"The heliosphere is the region in space that surrounds the Sun. It is continuously inflated by solar wind and protects the solar system from cosmic rays. Its outermost region, the heliopause, is the boundary between our solar system and interstellar space."

12 Termination Shock (Speed), Heliopause (Payout)
Sedna

Sedna
StardustStardust 56.70 qdc

"An icy red planetoid far beyond the orbit of Neptune, Sedna takes 11,400 years to orbit the Sun. It is named after the Inuit goddess of the Arctic seas."

13 Detached Orbit (Speed), Sednoid (Payout)
Planet X

Planet X
StardustStardust 107.00 Qdc

"Scientists observing the outer edge of the solar system have long theorized that there may be a ninth planet past the orbit of Neptune. Its gravitational pull could explain the clustered orbits of many small trans-Neptunian objects."

14 High Mass (Speed), Mystery Planet (Payout)
Hills Cloud

Hills Cloud
StardustStardust 14.21 Hdc

"The Hills Cloud is the inner part of the Oort Cloud. While comets with orbits of less than 200 years come from the Kuiper Belt, comets with longer orbits—ranging from 200 to 2,000 years—originate in the Hills Cloud."

15 Galactic Tide (Speed), Long Period Comets (Payout)
Oort Cloud

Oort Cloud
StardustStardust 2.21 Sdc

"The Oort Cloud is a field of small icy celestial bodies thought to exist at the far reaches of the solar system. It surrounds the bubble of the heliosphere, and is the bridge between our solar system and interstellar space."

15 Cosmographic Boundary (Speed), Comet Storm (Payout)
Alpha Centauri

Alpha Centauri
StardustStardust 6.42 Odc

"Alpha Centauri is the closest solar system to our own. 4.37 light years from our Sun, it consists of three stars and at least two exoplanets."

17 Binary System (Speed), Solar Analog (Payout)
Phase 2: Milky Way
Milky Way Icon
Barnard's Star

Barnard's Star
StardustStardust 5.61 Vg

"Just 6 light years from the Sun, Barnard's Star is a red dwarf, small and dim. Yet this ball of hot gas has enough mass to trigger nuclear fusion—hydrogen atoms combining into helium. That puts it in the main sequence, a class of assorted stars that are young and stable."

18 Long Live Red Dwarfs (Speed), Critical Mass (Payout)
Tau Ceti

Tau Ceti
StardustStardust 40.00 Vg

"About 12 light years from Earth, Tau Ceti is a sunlike star of medium size and mass in the main sequence. Like the Sun, it's a solitary yellow dwarf, and it even has at least four earthlike planets in orbit. About one in 10 Milky Way stars are yellow dwarfs."

18 Yellow Dwarf (Speed), Birthing Planets (Payout)
Sirius

Sirius
StardustStardust 60.00 Uvg

"Sirius is a pair of oddball stars. Sirius A is blue-white—the brightest, most massive, and rarest star type in the main sequence. Sirius B was born a blue star but is now a white dwarf, a compact star that spent its hydrogen fuel and left the main sequence long ago."

18 Massively Bright (Speed), Godzilla of Magnitude (Payout)
Polaris

Polaris
StardustStardust 2.00 Dvg

"Like most stars, Polaris spent 90% of its life in the main sequence. It exited that stage when the core's hydrogen ran out. Now, Polaris Aa, the top star in a triple system, is fusing helium atoms in its core. That energy boost swelled the star into a yellow supergiant."

19 A Spectrum of Stars (Speed), H-R Diagram (Payout)
Rigel

Rigel
StardustStardust 6.64 Tvg

"The life of a mega-mass star is short and dazzling. Rigel A is a blue supergiant ruling over three main sequence stars. It's young, just 8 million years old, and white hot. The star burns so brightly that it blinds Earth's telescopes—even from 860 light years away."

19 Nuclear Powerhouse (Speed), Supernova! (Payout)
Arcturus

Arcturus
StardustStardust 367.00 Tvg

"Arcturus offers a sneak peek into the Sun's future. Once a young yellow dwarf, it's now a geriatric 7.1-billion-year-old red giant. The star's mass hasn't changed much, but its girth is 25 times bigger. The surface is brighter than the sun, but cooler."

19 Dwarf to Giant (Speed), Helium Flash (Payout)
Van Maanen's Star

Van Maanen's Star
StardustStardust 123.00 qvg

"Van Maanen is a dying white dwarf that's two-thirds the mass of the Sun and just 1% of its size. The helium atmosphere has a puzzling supply of heavy elements-iron, magnesium, and calcium. They might be the dust of a planet crushed by the superdense star's gravity."

19 Coolest White Dwarfs (Speed), Black Dwarf? (Payout)
Fomalhaut's Ring

Fomalhaut's Ring
StardustStardust 38.90 Qvg

"Fomalhaut A, a young blue star, is just starting its planetary family. The telltale sign is a clearly defined ring of rotating matter, part of a dusty disk nicknamed Eye of Sauron. The ring formed as rocks grew massive enough to pull loose debris into tight formation."

20 Protoplanetary Disk (Speed), Stable Parents (Payout)
WASP-12b

WASP-12b
StardustStardust 870.00 Qvg

"The parent star of WASP-12b is a yellow dwarf, like the Sun, but it is ripping its child to pieces. The planet orbits so closely that powerful tidal forces from the star's gravity warp it into an odd egglike shape called a Roche Lobe."

20 Sizzling Hot Jupiter (Speed), Brink of Doom (Payout)
Awohali

Awohali
StardustStardust 2.75 Hvg

"Awohali is a Neptune-sized planet that hugs a red dwarf in close orbit. There, ice meets fire. Heat from the star and from strong tidal forces inside Awohali melt and vaporize rock and ice. The debris forms a shiny halo and a long tail behind the planet, like a comet."

20 Warm Neptune (Speed), Sun-Kissed Eagle (Payout)
Kepler-70b

Kepler-70b
StardustStardust 5.00 Hvg

"After surviving its star's red giant phase, Kepler-70b emerged as a small, rocky core of its former self—about the size of Earth. Its surface is hotter than our Sun, soft and molten. The planet is slowly evaporating as it orbits a dim, dying parent star every 4.8 hours."

20 Rocky Earthlike (Speed), Super-Earth System (Payout)
Janssen

Janssen
StardustStardust 18.70 Svg

"Designated 55 Cancri e, Janssen is a super-Earth that orbits a sunlike far too closely for life to exist. What's intriguing is its extreme density. The planet is twice the size of Earth, but 9 times more massive. That means it's terrestrial, but made of what?"

20 Diamond Crust (Speed), Tidal Lock (Payout)
Enaiposha

Enaiposha
StardustStardust 2.74 Ovg

"Enaiposha is a warm super-Earth with hazy skies lit by the rosy glow of a red dwarf. Three times bigger and 8 times more massive than Earth, the planet's density means a chunk of it must be lighter than rock but heavier than gas. Very likely, Enaiposha is a water world."

21 Water Worlds (Speed), Steamy Atmosphere (Payout)
Kepler-186f

Kepler-186f
StardustStardust 1.17 Nvg

"Kepler-186f is almost Earth's twin-just a tad bigger and denser. It orbits at a life-friendly distance, well beyond four scorched siblings that are too close to their star. Its composition and atmosphere are unknown, a data gap for Webb and other telescopes to fill."

21 Habitable Zone (Speed), Tipsy Water World (Payout)
TRAPPIST-1 System

TRAPPIST-1 System
StardustStardust 898.00 Nvg

"Seven rocky worlds orbit the solo star TRAPPIST-1, shining like moons in each other's skies. Three planets are in the habitable zone, and all seven could have water. The orbital plane is flat and stable, with circular paths, like Earth`s. But there are perils."

21 Perils to Life (Speed), Planetary Systems (Payout)
Helix Nebula

Helix Nebula
StardustStardust 69.50 Tg

"At the heart of this cloud glows a dead red giant, the immediate afterlife of a medium-mass star like our Sun. After core fusion shut down, the star began shedding gas, forming a planetary nebula. "Planetary" is a misnomer—the nebula is all about that dead red star."

22 Double Ring (Speed), Cometary Knots (Payout)
Cat's Eye Nebula

Cat's Eye Nebula
StardustStardust 3.26 Utg

"Beautiful and complex, all the gas in the Cat's Eye Nebula amounts to only 1% of the Sun's mass. It includes rare ionized nitrogen and double-ionized oxygen (atoms stripped of two electrons). One mystery is why this young planetary nebula is swirling so swiftly."

22 Onion Rings (Speed), Gas Jets (Payout)
Hourglass Nebula

Hourglass Nebula
StardustStardust 830.00 Utg

"The Hourglass Nebula defies explanation. A small hourglass nests in a large one, but the dead star isn't at the center of either one. Two inner rings circle the eye at right angles. But why? If there's a binary star, it wouldn't account for this one-of-a-kind shape."

22 Off-Center Star (Speed), Butterfly Nebula (Payout)
Crab Nebula

Crab Nebula
StardustStardust ?

"In the constellation Taurus, the remnant of a supernova explosion marks the death of a high-mass star. The beautiful Crab Nebula is 10 light years across and still growing. Working backward from its rate of expansion, the year of the star's death was 1054."

23 Guest Star (Speed), Heavy Metals (Payout)
Crab Pulsar

Crab Pulsar
StardustStardust ?

"Near the heart of the Crab Nebula is the core of its exploded star, reborn. The Crab Pulsar, a neutron star, packs 1.5 solar masses into a ball as wide as a city, rotating 30 times per second. Its tiny size and immense density keep this energetic orb from flying apart."

23 High-Energy Beams (Speed), Little Green Men (Payout)
Carina Nebula

Carina Nebula
StardustStardust ?

"Carina Nebula isn't a supernova remnant. It's a supernova factory, aglow and abuzz with young, massively energetic stars and towering pillars of ionized gas and dust. This complex cloud is bigger than most and 15 times brighter than the famous Orion Nebula."

23 Eta Carinae (Speed), Wolf-Rayet Stars (Payout)
Cygnus X-1

Cygnus X-1
StardustStardust ?

"In 1971, the Uhuru satellite tracked X-ray bursts that were strong, uneven, and very short. Their brevity meant the unseen source was smaller than Earth's moon. Their pattern ruled out a pulsar. Cygnus X-1 became the first verified black hole. It's paired with a star."

23 Stellar Black Hole (Speed), Accretion Disk (Payout)

Tech Tree in Explorations[]

Unfold the Universe[]

E01-James Webb Telesope
Overview (Map)
Unfold the Universe Tree
Generator Cost Description Requirements Upgrades
Ground Telescope

Ground Telescope
Unfold the UniverseUnfold the Universe 15

"The earliest stargazers made their observations with nothing but the naked eye. Magnifying telescopes opened up whole new vistas - from simple handheld spyglasses to mountaintop observatories that can detect wavelengths invisible to humans."

Look to the Stars Space Telescople, Origins
Hubble Telescope

Hubble Telescope
Unfold the UniverseUnfold the Universe 2,500

"At its launch in 1990, the Hubble Space Telescope, named for astronomer Edwin Hubble, was the most powerful telescope ever built. Still in use today, it gave us some of the most iconic images of faraway galaxies and spectacular nebulas."

Space Telescope Repair Mission, Landmark Discoveries, Hubble's Successor, Distance from Earth, Size Comparison
James Webb Telescope

James Webb Telescope
Unfold the UniverseUnfold the Universe 50,000

"The Next Generation Space Telescope project gave birth to the James Webb Space Telescope, one of the most ambitious feats of astronomical engineering ever laid by Hubble, it introduced Manu significant innovations."

Hubble's Successor James E. Webb, Naming, Mission Objectives, Mission Length, Cleared Name, International Collaboration, Budget, Ground Support
Development

Development
Unfold the UniverseUnfold the Universe 6.00 E7

"It took 25 years to complete the James Webb telescope, from its conception in 1996 to launch in 2021. Many new technologies needed to be invented along the way. An incredibly ambitious undertaking, it took vast amounts of money, labor, and time to get the job done."

Mission Objectives Black Holes, Galactic Birth, Funding, Seeking Exoplanets, Averted Cancellation, Delayed Launch
Construction

Construction
Unfold the UniverseUnfold the Universe 2.50 E10

"The James Webb Telescope is one of a kind. A host of innovations, like its infrared imaging and unique folding design, make it the most powerful telescope ever built."

Funding Infrared Visibility, Micro Shutters, Dangerous Heat, Sunshield, Hexagonal Mirrors
Launch

Launch
Unfold the UniverseUnfold the Universe 1.2 E11

"The James Webb Telescope's nail-biting launch from the Guiana Space Center in French Guiana was only the start of its journey. After the drama of liftoff, Webb settled in for a long commute to its destination and the careful process of unfolding in preperation for work."

Delayed Launch, Infrared Visibility Christmas Launch, Journey to L2, Sunshield Unfolding, Mirrors Unfolding, Secondary Mirrors, Primary Mirrors, Warm-Up Period, First Images

Fungus Among Us[]

E02-Fungi
Overview (Map)
Fungus Among Us Tree
Generator Cost Description Requirements Upgrades
Fungi

Fungi
Fungus Among UsFungus Among Us 20

"Fungi are small eukaryotic organisms that often live in soil or on decaying matter. There are nearly 145,000 known species of fungi, and scientists suspect there may be up to 5 million total."

None
Fungal Living

Fungal Living
Fungus Among UsFungus Among Us 700

"There are many different types of fungi in the world, all with different lifestyles and behaviors. How do fungi live, eat, grow, and reproduce?"

Fungal Cleaners

Fungal Cleaners
Fungus Among UsFungus Among Us 600,000

"Fungi are master decomposers and unsung heroes of recycling, creating new life out of death. How do fungi help clean up our world?"

Fungi of the Forest

Fungi of the Forest
Fungus Among UsFungus Among Us 300.00 M

"Deep in the soil, a "wood wide web" of fungi connects the inhabitants of the forest. How do plants and fungi work together?"

Domesticated Fungi

Domesticated Fungi
Fungus Among UsFungus Among Us 150.00 B

"Humans have learned to harness fungi for many uses, some ancient and some modern innovations. What can fungi do for us?"

Tasty Fungi

Tasty Fungi
Fungus Among UsFungus Among Us 35.00 T

"Whether you chomp into a portobello or nibble on a nice blue cheese, you're probably a fan of fungal foods. Where can we find fungi in the pantry and fridge?"

Unwelcome Fungi

Unwelcome Fungi
Fungus Among UsFungus Among Us 12.00 qi

"In any kingdom as large as the fungi, you're guaranteed to find a few nasty characters. Which fungi can hurt you, and how?"

Mind-Altering Fungi

Mind-Altering Fungi
Fungus Among UsFungus Among Us 100.00 Sx

"Fungi have a surprising number of subtle and not-so-subtle ways to influence the minds and behaviors of more complex creatures. How do they do it, and why?"

The Big Questions[]

E03-Philosophie
Overview (Map)
The Big Questions Tree
Generator Cost Description Requirements Upgrades
Philosophy

Philosophy
The Big QuestionsThe Big Questions 25

"Philosophy—literally "love of wisdom" — delves into the mysteries of existence. This essential human field of study interrogates reality, reason, the mind, the universe, and even knowledge itself."

Uncertainty What is Right?, What is Society?, What is True?, What is Real?, What am I?, Why?, The Answer Is...
Ethics

Ethics
The Big QuestionsThe Big Questions 2,000

"The field of ethics, or moral philosophy, studies beliefs about right and wrong and how we should treat others. Ethics are also codes of behavior adopted by communities or professions — like the physician's oath to "do no harm.""

What is Right? What Is Ethical?, Dharma, What Is Moral?, Moral Skepticism, Utilitarianism, Humanism, Intuitive Ethics, Code of Law, Stoicism
Political Philosophy

Political Philosophy
The Big QuestionsThe Big Questions 150,000

"This field of study deals with citizens, institutions, and governments. It asks important questions about the nature of societies and how they should be organized."

What is Society? Who Should Rule?, Autocracy, Divine Right, Machiavellianism, Human Rights, Individualism, Right to Revolt, Collectivism, Anarchism, Thinking...
Epistemology

Epistemology
The Big QuestionsThe Big Questions 300.00 M

"This is the branch of philosophy that deals with knowledge: what it is, how to acquire it, and how we use it to form beliefs around the world."

What is True? What Do We Know?, Pramana, How Do We Know?, Socratic Method, Rationalism, Empiricism, Skepticism, What's the Answer?
Metaphysics

Metaphysics
The Big QuestionsThe Big Questions 10.00 T

"Meaning "beyond the physical," metaphysics studies questions of reality, identity, being, causality, and possibility. It explores the relationship of mind to matter and the nature of existence."

What is Real? How Did It Start?, Cosmology, Why Am I Aware?, Identity, Ship of Theseus, Space & Time, Theology, Mind & Matter, Ontology, Ascetism, Theism
Spirit

Spirit
The Big QuestionsThe Big Questions 1.20 qi

"Some people believe in the spirit, a vital force animating all living things. Questions about the spirit—does it exist? What is it? Who or what has one? — to get to the heart of what makes us human."

What am I? What Is Spirit?, Theory of Forms, What Is Humanity?, Sapience, Soul, State of Nature, Nondualism, Fate & Free Will, Solipsism, Transcendence
Meaning of Life

The Meaning of Life
The Big QuestionsThe Big Questions 2.00 Sp

"The biggest questions of them all: What is my purpose? How should I live my life? Is there some greater meaning to all of this?"

Why? What's the Good Life?, What's the Point?, Nihilism, Hedonism, Absurdism, Existentialism, 42, What's the Question?

Life After Apocalypse[]

E04-Mass Extinction
Overview (Map)
Life After Apocalypse Tree
Generator Cost Description Requirements Upgrades
L.U.C.A.

LUCA
40

"The last universal common ancestor (LUCA) is the earliest microbe from which all modern life descends. Its DNA will pass through a chain of evolving species that survive every extinction. Three billion years later, LUCA's genes are inside us — and every living thing."

None
Metazoan Seas

MetazoanSeas
350

"Metazoans (multicelled animals) multiply and diversify in an evolutionary leap called the Ordovician Radiation. They build the first coral reefs, dense with life. The scattered land masses host only mosslike plants called bryophytes."

Age of Fishes

Age of Fishes
200,000

"As life begins to thrive again in the Devonian Period, millions of acres of coral reefs span the seas. This is now a fish-eat-fish world. Big-jawed, heavily armored fish called placoderms take hunting to ferocious levels."

Ordovician Extinction
Pangaean Life

Pangean Life
60.00 M

"The Gondwana and Euramerica continents crunch into one supercontinent, Pangea. A few tetrapod survivors give rise to a stunning range of vertebrates called synapsids. For the first time, land life is as rich and diverse as ocean life."

Devonian Extinction
Mesozoic Dawn

Mesozoic Dawn
30.00 B

"As a new era begins, Pangea drifts north, and cooling triggers million-year floods, which help life recover. The first flowers bloom. Mammal-like reptiles called therapsids thrive. Archosaurs give rise to reptiles, birds, and — famously — the dinosaurs."

Permian Extinction
Reign of Dinosaurs

Reign of Dinosaurs
30.00 T

"Thanks to a stable, tropical climate, dinosaurs explode in size and diversity in the Jurassic and peak in the Cretaceous. Reptiles — flying, swimming, walking, crawling — and small mammals also thrive."

Triassic Extinction
Age of Mammals

Age of Mammals
8.00 Qa

"In the current Cenozoic era, the demise of dinosaurs makes way for mammals. Our squirrel sized, nocturnal ancestors evolve into thousands of stunning species, from mastodons and saber-toothed cats to whales and elephants and, eventually, humans."

Cretaceous Extinction
Cockroach World?

Cockroach World?
5.00 qi

"So, what species will inherit the Earth next? Fun fact: Porelian Insects survived five of the last five extinctions by reproducing, adapting, and diversifying quickly. They tolerate freezing, heat waves, starvation, and even radiation really well. Just sayin'."

Anthropocene Extinction

The Price of Trust[]

E05-Money
Overview (Map)
The Price of Trust Tree
Generator Cost Description Requirements Upgrades
Commodity Currency The Price of TrustThe Price of Trust 25

"Specialsed societies required a "medium of exchange," trusted and accepted across society as payment for goods and services. While the oldest currencies used cattle, cloth, tools and other common, useful objects, over time, these evolved into symbolic forms and pure accounting units."

Specializing
Coins The Price of TrustThe Price of Trust 1.00 B

"With the sixth and seventh centuries BCE, rulers began minting coins. Standardized and produced at volume, coins were a uniform currency, accepted as legal tender throughout their domains."

Metallurgy
Paper Money The Price of TrustThe Price of Trust 1.00 B

"Lighter and more easily transportable than metal-based coinage, paper money has become the default currency of the modern world."

Negotiable Instruments
Electronic Money The Price of TrustThe Price of Trust 1.00 B

"As the world went electronic, financial systems followed. Aided by rudimentary computer networks, Wall Street brokers could execute trades over the phone, no face-to-face interaction required, while banks could treat money as numbers linked to an account more than physical coins or bills."

Fiat Money
Future Money The Price of TrustThe Price of Trust 1.00 B

"In the twenty-first century, computer networks are getting faster and more interconnected. With the internet, laymen can access markets as never before, even as specialists employ artifical intelligence to make financial decisions. In a digital world, money is increasingly rendered in ones and zeros."

A Coevolution Love Story[]

E06-Pollination
Overview (Map)
A Coevolution Love Story Tree
Generator Cost Description Requirements Upgrades
Flowers A Coevolution Love StoryA Coevolution Love Story 40

"Flowers have one driving desire: to make seeds. Each plant strives to produce these germs of life, ideally with another plant. Yet, rooted in place, how can two isolated flowers unite?"

Meet the Characters Naked Seeds, Bloom Boom, Size and Structure, Pollen Tag, Pollination Pinnacle, A New Suitor
Bees A Coevolution Love StoryA Coevolution Love Story 500

"Bees need to feed. Their high-energy bodies and abundant young demand constant nourishment. But it takes fuel to gather fuel. What's the most efficient way for a bee to forage?"

x1 Flowers Wasteful Wind, Flight, The Hungry Beetle, The Vegetarian Wasp, UV Vision, Solitary Nests, Happy Ending, Apex of Evolution, A New Suitor
Primitive Flowers A Coevolution Love StoryA Coevolution Love Story 10,000

"The spiral cones of conifers evolve into flowers. The key change? The ova, naked no more, are encased in an ovary, which is why flowering plants are called angiosperms ("vessel seeds"). They swiftly dominate Cretaceous plant life. What makes them so wildly successful?"

Wasteful Wind Self-Marriage, Self-Control, Stranger Marriage, The Showy Magnolia
Primitive Bees A Coevolution Love StoryA Coevolution Love Story 400.00 M

"As the wasp's body adapt to a new diet of plants, spechid evolved into the first bees. Today's bumblebees, honeybees, sweat bees, stingless bees, carpenters, masons, orchid bees - 25,000 species - all descend from spechid."

The Vegetarian Wasp Johnston's Organ, The Competition, Birds Not Bees, Bumblebee Exclusive
Art of Attraction A Coevolution Love StoryA Coevolution Love Story 40.00 B

"It's no accident blossoms come in a bouquet of colors, patterns, sizes, shapes, and accessories. Flowers attract suitors with a "dress for success" strategy, a look tailored to maximize pollination "dates". But there's a choice: attract one or attract all?"

x1 Primitive Bees Come One or All?, Dandelions Welcom Mat, Snappy Snapdragons, Early Willows, Color and Pattern
Food Banking A Coevolution Love StoryA Coevolution Love Story 15.00 Qa

"Bees are vegetarians. (One ghoulish exception: vultures bees eat rotten flesh.) Adults feed protein-rich pollen to their young and drink nectar for the sugar high. The term for pollination, melittophily, means "sweet loving"."

UV Vision Very Hairy Body, Pollen Brushes, Bristled Baskets, Buzz Pollination, Mechanical Mouthparts, Bandit Bees, All Purpose Oils, Orchid Bees
Bribery and Deception A Coevolution Love StoryA Coevolution Love Story 3.00 qi

"Flowers entice suitors through bribery, trickery, or both. Some Arctic flowers offer insects warmth and comfirt: blossoms are shaped to focus the sun's rays and form shelter from icy winds. But for most flowers, food is an unbeatable lure."

x1 Food Banking Nectar Bribes, Nectar Safeguards, Kidnappers!, Murderers!, Floral Oils, Orchid Flowers
The Hive Life A Coevolution Love StoryA Coevolution Love Story 80.00 Sp

"The constant need to secure food drives honeybees and stingless bees to evlolve a new, efficient society. Hive life is collective: only a queen lays eggs, and female workers raise the young. The nest is always defended: food is always being processed."

Orchid Bees Baby Bees, Old Foragers, Waggle Dance
Humans A Coevolution Love StoryA Coevolution Love Story 28.00 No

"}One-third of all the food we eat relies on flower pollination. Bees are the world's top pollinator, servicing 400 food crops that nourish 8 billion people. Flowers, bees, and humans - we now rely on each other for survival. It's a fragile balance."

A New Suitor The Crops We Crave, Our Favorite Bee, Africanized Bees, Wild Decline, Habitat Destruction, Varroa Destructor, Colony Collapse Disorder, Till Death Do Us Part?

Lurking in the Dark[]

E07-Deep Sea Life
Overview (Map)
Lurking in the Dark Tree
Generator Cost Description Requirements Upgrades
Sunlight Zone

Sunlight Zone
Lurking in the DarkLurking in the Dark 30

"Sunlight defines the epipelagic zone, the top layer of open ocean. All marine plants live here. Surrounded by thousands of miles of brightly lit water, with nowhere to hide, animals need either speed or camouflage to catch food and avoid becoming food. What eats what?"

Falling Detritus
Twilight Zone

Twilight Zone
Lurking in the DarkLurking in the Dark 150,000

"From 200 to 1000 meter deep, the mesopelagic ("middle open ocean") appears dark to our eyes, but sunlight does reach here. Blue light, on the high-energy end of the color spectrum, reaches the deepest. In the twilight, how do animals see without being seen by enemies?"

Midnight Zone

Midnight Zone
Lurking in the DarkLurking in the Dark 1.00 T

"Ar 1,000 to 4,000 meters, the bathepelagic zones makes up 90% of the ocean and yet hosts only a fraction of its creatures. There's zero sunlight, crushing pressure, a near-freezing chill, and scant food — just 5% of the sinking detritus. Why live here at all?"

The Abyss

The Abyss
Lurking in the DarkLurking in the Dark 200.00 Qa

"Below 4,000 meters, the continental shelf bottoms out into an abyssal plain, the mostly bare ocean floor. It covers half of Earth's surface, and yet 99% of the abyss is unexplored. Scant detritus from above settles in the mud. How do abyssal zone creatures survive?"

The Trenches

The Trenches
Lurking in the DarkLurking in the Dark 10.00 Sx

"The ocean floor is scarred with troughs and trenches, cracks formed between tectonic plates. Below 6,000 meters, this hadal zone, named for the Greek god Hades, is nearly as deep as the four previous zones combined. Some life here is like nowhere else on Earth."

A Journey of Serenity[]

E08-Tea
Overview (Map)
A Journey of Serenity Tree
Generator Cost Description Requirements Upgrades
Wild Tea Plant A Journey of SerenityA Journey of Serenity 15

"Tea plants are small trees native to East Asia, where they grew wild before humans began cultivating them. They are also known by the scientific name 'Camellia sinensis'."

- Cultivation, Health Benefits, Defense Response, Tea Meals, Chagayu, Herbal Medicine, Ochazuke
Domesticated Tea Plant A Journey of SerenityA Journey of Serenity 75,000

"The domestication of tea plants began around 2,000 years ago in China. Tea containers have been found in tombs dating from the Han Dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE) alongside deceased emperors' other priceless treasures."

Cultivation Origin Myth, Calm Body and Mind, Digestion, Anti-inflammatory, Weight Management
Tea Plantation A Journey of SerenityA Journey of Serenity 50.00 M?

"Farming tea plants is a complex process of cultivating, pruning, harvesting, drying, and storing. Tending to the plants carefully is important, as a single plant can produce tea for at least 100 years."

Origin Myth Storing, Pruning, Drying, Harvesting, Scissors, Roasting, Harvesting Machinery, Soil Acidity, Fertilizer, Fermentation, Pest and Disease Control, Vertical Farming, Irrigation System, Mechanical Plucking, Drone Technology, Monitoring System
Tea Evolution A Journey of SerenityA Journey of Serenity 5.00 M ?

"Over time, tea evolved from being a healing treatment to a popular social and cultural drink. It became valued for its flavor, aroma, and the rituals associated with its preparation."

Origin Myth AI Automation, Tea Contest, Silk Road Trade, Arabic Shai, Moroccan Atai
Matcha A Journey of SerenityA Journey of Serenity 1.00 M

"This powdered variant of green tea has strong cultural ties to Japan. Matcha's history in Japan began as early as the 8th century, when priests and envoys from the country were sent to learn about China's culture."

Tea Evolution Grinding, Whisking, Foam Art, Chanoyu
Loose-leaf Tea A Journey of SerenityA Journey of Serenity 500.00 M

"Loose-leaf's popularity can be tracked all the way back to Ancient China. During his reign, Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang replaced all brick and powdered tea with loose-leaf to boost the economy. It was a strategic choice that still impacts the tea market to this day."

Arabic Shai, Moroccan Atai Yunnan Pu-erh Tea, Tea Brick, Steeping, Darye, Trade to Europe
Infused Tea A Journey of SerenityA Journey of Serenity 100.00 T

"Infusion refers to the process of steeping ingredients like orange peel or ginger in tea. This creates unique and flavorful variations that wow the tastebuds and bring new dimensions to established blends."

Trade to Europe Assam Tea, Storage Jar, British Tea, Masala Chai, Boiling, High Tea, Tea House
Unconventional Tea A Journey of SerenityA Journey of Serenity 50.00 qi

"As tea cultures intermingle and innovation blooms, the once defined boundaries of traditional tea dissolve. This paves the way for the emergence of the next popular tea sensations."

Masala Chai Tea Bag, Vacuum Sealer, Iced Tea, Cold Brew, Herbal Tea, Tea Latte, Tea Cocktail, Bubble Tea
Virtual Tea A Journey of SerenityA Journey of Serenity 300.00 Sx

"As social get-togethers increasing occur in the virtual world, so do tea rituals. Whether formal or just a casual video-chat catch up, a time-honored tradition adapts to the modern age."

AI Automation Tea Simulator, Online Tea Ceremony, Shared Serenity

Good Vibrations[]

E09-Music
Overview (Map)
Good Vibrations Tree
Generator Cost Description Requirements Upgrades
Notes Good VibrationsGood Vibrations 25

"A musical sound is known as a note. With the creation of written symbols, humans have found a way to translate notes into a tangible language."

Sound Waves Good VibrationsGood Vibrations 15,000

"Vibrations produce waves that transport sound across space. These waves change shape depending on several factors: wavelength, amplitude, and frequency."

Theory Good VibrationsGood Vibrations 50.00 M

"Every aspect of music relies on a single underlying foundation, informing the choices a musician makes. Thousands of years of theory have accumulated into the music we have today."

Early Innovations Good VibrationsGood Vibrations 20.00 B

"Life in the Paleolithic area was a continuous fight for survival. Even so, early humans were able to find meaning in their surroundings and found time to express themselves through sound."

Instruments Good VibrationsGood Vibrations 1.00 T

"Humans use many different objects to produce sounds, ranging from bagpipes to kazoos to triangles. Each instrument has its own timbre, so striking the same note on a drum will sound different than playing it on a flute."

Modern Innovations Good VibrationsGood Vibrations 10.00 B

"A modern society need modern tools. As technology developed, people began producing and receiving music with the new tools available."

A Brief History Good VibrationsGood Vibrations 5.00 T

"Music has evolved significantly from the days of the Hurrian Hymn. As time passed, reasons for making music changed, as did the people who created music."

Anatomy of Life[]

E10-Human Body
Overview (Map)
Anatomy of Life Tree
Generator Cost Description Requirements Upgrades
Heart

Heart
Anatomy of LifeAnatomy of Life 100

"The body's centralized organ pumps approximately one gallon of oxygen-rich blood every minute. Long viewed as a symbol of life, some ancient cultures considered it as the center of thought and emotion."

Veins
Brain

Brain
Anatomy of LifeAnatomy of Life 1,000

"Three times larger than that of a chimpanzee, the human brain alone contains billions of neurons. It sends and receives the electrical signals that enable though, emotion, and bodily function."

Brain Stem
Endocrine System

Endocrine System
Anatomy of LifeAnatomy of Life 7.50 M

"Glands of the endocrine system are organs that produce essential hormones. These chemicals carry messages through your bloodstream, instructing your body to perform specific functions."

Parietal Lobe
Skeleton

Skeleton
Anatomy of LifeAnatomy of Life 8.00 B

"A baby is born with around three hundred bones in their body. These bones fuse with age, forming the adult skeleton. Averaging two hundred and six bones, it is the framework that supports the human body."

Hypothalamus
Muscles

Muscles
Anatomy of LifeAnatomy of Life 100.00 B

"Voluntary and involuntary movement are both enabled by stretchy fibers that can contract and relax. Whether a person is taking a walk or digesting food, the muscular system allows the body to function."

Bones
Lungs

Lungs
Anatomy of LifeAnatomy of Life 10.00 T

"As the body's center of breathing, blood receives much-needed oxygen in the lungs. Now replenished, this arterial blood is sent back into the heart."

TBA
Skin

Skin
Anatomy of LifeAnatomy of Life 10.00 Qa

"The body's largest organ is not found inside, but rather covering its entire surface. Skin contains three layers, each of this contributes to keeping the body safe."

TBA
Stomach

Stomach
Anatomy of LifeAnatomy of Life 2.00 qi

"The smooth muscles of the stomach wall expand and contract, mixing acids, enzymes, and mucus to form gastric juice. These combined substances dissolve the swallowed foods and liquids, resulting in a mixture called chyme."

Digestion
Kidneys

Kidneys
Anatomy of LifeAnatomy of Life 250.00 qi

"Two bean-shaped organs filter around haft a cup of blood each minute. Inside the kidneys, million units called nephrons remove unwanted waste producing from blood, while holding onto much-needed water and electrolytes."

Digestion
Liver

Liver
Anatomy of LifeAnatomy of Life 600.00 Sx

"All of the body's blood is filtered through the liver to remove toxins. It also produces bile, a fluid necessary for digesting and absorbing fats. These are only two of the five hundred vital functions the organs performs."

Digestion

The Power of Images[]

E11-Visual Art
Overview (Map)
The Power of Images Tree
Generator Cost Description Requirements Upgrades
Line

Lines
The Power of ImagesThe Power of Images 40

"An image begins with a simple act, like a mark scraped into a rock, a painted hand pressed against a wall, or a line drawn into the sand. Mastering mark-making is the most basic of artistic skills and is a first step for human creativity."

Imagination Drawing, Body Paint
Symbol

Symbols
The Power of ImagesThe Power of Images 7,500

"Humans took further steps in drawing the intangible, wanting to depict concepts such as the future or the afterlife. They created abstract shapes and objects that represent these ideas."

Drawing Tattoo, Glyphs, Brush Strokes
Composition

Composition
The Power of ImagesThe Power of Images 2.5e6

"As cultures became more complex, so did their imagery. Artists increasingly made conscious visual choices in their work, considering where subjects should be placed and telling an overall story."

Brush Strokes Ancient Art, Folk Art, Greece and Rome, Church as King, The First Projection
Renaissance

Renaissance
The Power of ImagesThe Power of Images 6.25e8

"Italian masters such as Raphael found inspiration in the idealized quality of Greco-Roman art. At the same time, their use of perspective and shadow enabled them to depict depth in otherwise flat paintings."

Greece and Rome, Church as King Artisans, Patrons, Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism, Post Impressionism
Photography

Photography
The Power of ImagesThe Power of Images 1.5e11

"By coating paper in silver salts and exposing it to daylight through a lens, Joseph Niépce created the first photographs. These images would vanish when brought outside, and it would take a decade to achieve a permanent effect."

The First Projection, Realism Memory as an Object, Tricking the Eye
Modernism

Modernism
The Power of ImagesThe Power of Images 4e13

"The advent of photography plunged painters into a crisis of purpose. No longer needed to provide realistic portraits, many shifted toward a strict, abstract, "Modern" approach using only flat shapes and colors."

Realism, Post Impressionism, Photography Expressionism, Artist Entrepreneur, Cubism, Museum, Abstract Expressionism
Art Celebrity

Art Celebrity
The Power of ImagesThe Power of Images 1e16

"Picasso. Kahlo. Pollock. These aren't just the names of artists - they're brands. Their names are known far beyond gallery or museum walls and have become synonymous with artistic genius."

Museum, Artist Entrepreneur Critic, Dealer
Post Modernism

Post Modernism
The Power of ImagesThe Power of Images 5e17

"While Modernism adhered to strict boundaries, Post-Modern artists deprioritized rules and definitions, employing diverse collages and recontextualizing objects from sources other than paintings."

Cubism, Art Celebrity, Abstract Expressionism Dadaism, Surrealism, Pop Art, Feminist Art
Moving Images

Moving Images
The Power of ImagesThe Power of Images 1.5e20

"When a series of photographs is presented in sequence, it can simulate motion. Works like "A Trip to the Moon" were among the first to use this method to tell a story, creating the first narrative films."

Tricking the Eye Hand-Drawn Animation, Silent to Talkie, Grayscale to Color, Video Art, Computer Animation
Mass Appeal

Mass Appeal
The Power of ImagesThe Power of Images 7e22

"No longer just an art form, images have become a business. As people look for new ways to consume art, product makers try to appeal to the masses. An image can be cute, cool, or beautiful, but above all it must sell."

Surrealism, Pop Art, Feminist Art Advertising, Comics, Post Pop Art
Digital Revolution

Digital Revolution
The Power of ImagesThe Power of Images 1e26

"When art can be done on a screen, artists again must adapt. Some continue to work traditionally, while others take advantage of the technology, creating art with more ease than ever but at the cost of materiality."

Video Art, Computer Animation New Media Art, Digital Art, Internet, Algorithmic Art, AI Imagery, Meaning
Mass Creation

Mass Creation
The Power of ImagesThe Power of Images 2e28

"Amid the boredom and anxieties of the modern age, more people are sharing art than ever before. Still, feedback can snowball, blurring the line between creator and audience while making artistic meaning a large-scale debate."

Mass Appeal, Post Pop Art, Internet Street Art, Socially Engaged Art, Communities, Meme, GIF, Endless Inspiration, Anti AI Imagery, Legacy
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